Should The Drinking Age Be Lowered - 875 Words

Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Should the legal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outrageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make poor decisions and majority of the young adults are in college lacking in classes. The legal drinking age should not be lowered to 18, but stay at 21 because It leads to irresponsible behavior and decisions. Young adults who drink tend not to care about their actions. Robert Voas who has worked for the National Highway Administration Office, claims that it would not be a good idea to lower the drinking age to 18. According to Voas, (Believe me when I say that lowering the drinking age would be very dangerous; it would benefit no one except those who profit from alcohol sales.) Young adults who are not 21 years of age tend to make irresponsible decisions like getting behind the wheel drunk. Being a young adult and driving under the influence of alcohol can lead one to a major accident or even death. Lowering the requirement of drinking may benefit underage adults but the death rate of drunk driving will increase rapidly. Robert Voas has studied drunk driving for 40 years and he has seen numerous accidents and deaths of immature young adultsShow MoreRelatedShould Th e Drinking Age Be Lowered?995 Words   |  4 Pages Should the legal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outrageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make poor decisions and majority of the young adults are in college lacking in classes. The legal drinkingRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?853 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities around their friends to feel like they are a part of the team. Many people often wonder if the court of law stepped in and changed the age of drinking would this help the case of underage drinking. This proposed law would lower the drinking age to make the teenagers less rebellious and allow them to feel more like adults. If the drinking age were to be lowered then teenagers would feel as if they didn’t have to drink every day because they wouldn’t have to wonder when this opportunity will happenRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1135 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society, underage drinking is seen all around us. It is in TV shows, movies, schools, and even in our own communities. Although it may be understood as something we are not supposed to do, many of these shows do not depict the real issues that can come from drinking under age. While only 11% of the alcohol sold in America is consumed by those under the age of twenty-one, it is still a horrific, nationwide problem. Alcohol is a drug that can make you do things you would neverRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1705 Words   |  7 Pagespassed The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 which enforces the legal drinking age and purchasing of alcohol in the United States to be twenty-one. Since then, the debated idea of whether or not the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen has been an ongoing topic for decades. Alcoholism affects many people in the United States but promoting it at such young age would not be such a great idea for the youths in today’s society.The drinking age should not be lowered due to the fact that itRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered? Essay2027 Words   |  9 PagesShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered? One of the major problems today in United States society is the amount of people in college who are drinking while underage. Every day on college campuses we see rebellious young adults disobey the law and drink alcohol under the age of 21. How would things be different if the drinking age was lowered? Would college students abuse it or is it a good idea? Many people believe the drinking age should be kept where it is now based on statistics. I feel the drinkingRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?994 Words   |  4 PagesShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Approximately 2 out of every 3 high school students have drank to the point of getting intoxicated (binge drink), in more than one occasion (Centers for Disease and Control Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Binge drinking has become increasingly common for youth under the minimum legal drinking age, making it increasingly dangerous because of the lack of supervision that young adults have that can consequently, lead to death because of fear of the law (Bonnie O’ConnellRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1639 Words   |  7 PagesMost people would concur that alcohol should not be given to teenagers. Despite the fact that we concede to this essential truth, underage drinking is still a noteworthy issue in our nation. Since adolescents need development and information with regards to liquor, they put themselves, as well as others in incredible danger when they decide to consume. Regardless of the risk, there are individuals out there who believe that the drinking age should be lowered. However, their argument is weak, andRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered2353 Words   |  10 PagesDrinking Age Over the years the drinking age or the drinking laws have been questioned and changed many times. For a few years now more recently question being, should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen? Or why shouldn’t it? In the United States, binge drinking has been a big problem. Its one of the top causes for traffic tragedies as well as other health issues that come along with it, especially among college students. However since the drinking age has changed from being 18 to 21 thereRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1599 Words   |  7 Pagesmany years is whether the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen years old, as opposed to where it is now, at twenty one. Some argue that at age eighteen, a person is legally an adult and able to go to war, vote, and partake in other adult activities. If they are an adult at this age, why are they unable to legally drink alcohol? There are numerous reasons why drinking is unsafe for those under twenty one. The drinking age is s et at age twenty one for a reason, and should stay that way. Some statesRead MoreDrinking Age Should Be Lowered1039 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Drinking age is already dangerous as is In recent discussions of the drinking age limit, people have always said that the drinking age limit should be lowered. Some may argue that alcohol is not bad and that it can actually be beneficially. Many people would want the drinking age limit to be lowered so that it is legal for young adults to drink. If the drinking age limit were to be lowered there would be a drastic difference in society. In my perspective I will argue that the drinking age limit

Homosexuality Quest For A Utopian World Essay - 1303 Words

INTRODUCTION The proposed research work will be entitled â€Å"Homosexuality: Quest for a Utopian World†. The genre of the proposed work will deal in detail with the prevailing issue of homosexuality (both gay and lesbian) and try to justify their quest for a world where they can live without their integrity being questioned. The research will cover the history of homosexuality; how it has been seen through ages and the present scenario. Setting the background in comparative studies the proposed research work aims at providing a clear picture of the societal attitudes towards same sex-relationships and how it is varied over time and space. The work will also look into the psychological aspects of the homosexuals and how a woman looks for a secure relationship in another woman and what has brought about such notions. Etymologically, the word homosexual is a hybrid of Greek and Latin words, thus connoting acts of sexual behavior between members of the same sex. The word ‘homosexual’ is controversial in itself as it refers to only one’s sexual behavior as opposed to the romantic feelings and thus, people attribute the term ‘gay’ and ‘lesbian’ as appropriate. Homophilia, also means the love and sensibilities between the same sex people. Edward Morgan Forster, a renowned English novelist and essayist was a homosexual as known by his close friends but the public was unaware of this fact and thus, remained a bachelor throughout his life. He had five novels published in his lifetimeShow MoreRelatedThe Last Major Civil Rights Milestone1878 Words   |  8 Pagesideals its nation was based upon, making changes like ending slavery and providing legal equality for women and minorities, changes that at the time seemed absurd but today are unquestionable merits that define what an â€Å"American† is. The quest to reach the ultimate utopian society continues today as true Americans fight the evils of ignorance, stubborn bigotry and the fear to change that still manifest themselves in a large portion of U.S. citizens, preventing this nation from moving forward. One of theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It I s an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLinda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape

Henry Lawson - 962 Words

Stories use narrative to involve the responder in a range of experiences. Storytellers use narrative techniques to establish a setting and shape the characters personality. This is shown in Henry Lawson’s short stories the drover’s wife and the loaded dog as well as Roger hargreaves picture book little miss sunshine. Henry Lawson’s the drovers wife, explores the perspicacity of the bush heroine with the use of a narrator. The narrators’ avoidance of using a name for the drover’s wife prevents the responder being influenced by their names and instead allows the responder to judge for themselves through the actions and events that occur in the story. This also shows the responder that the hardships and struggles faced by this woman are†¦show more content†¦Throughout the orientation, Miseryland is presented as a sad, unhappy, miserable place using the graphics and text. ‘And when the birds wake up in the morning in Miseryland, they don’t start singing. They start crying! Oh, it really is an awful place!’ Then the responder is introduced to little miss sunshine, the main character. she is show to be a happy person ‘whistling happily to herself’ and shown to be the colour yellow in the picture to convey happiness and brightness. The picture book’s complication arises with little miss sunshine laughing and giggling in front of the king in Miseryland. The pictures capture this with a close up of the king’s and little miss sunshine’s face; hers laughing and the king is crying. This sets a major contrast between the two characters. The denouement occurs with each main character with their own page with a close up of their happy face and sunshine and flowers and colours with a happy connotation. The picture book closes with Mr. happy saying that he didn’t know such a place as Miseryland existed and little miss sunshine replying with ‘there isn’t!’ In conclusion, the narration in the short stories the drover’s wife, the loaded dog and little miss sunshine, prove highly important in involving the responder in a range of experiences by providing the techniques and storylines for the responder to gain an insightShow MoreRelatedHenry Lawson Distinctively Visual979 Words   |  4 PagesOur study of the distinctively visual deepens our understanding of the world and those who inhabit it. Distinctively visual techniques are skilfully employed by Henry Lawson and Kriv Stenders to deepen our understanding of the world of the Australian outback and those who inhabit it, through their struggles and independence with some humour applied to the stories. These visual effects allow us to get a better understanding of the feelings of the characters and relate their life lessons to ourRead MoreHenry Lawson Techniques Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesTechnique Table Henry Lawson Short Stories The Drover’s Wife Technique | Example | Effect | Setting | ‘’The bush consists of stunted, rotten †¦ trees’’ | Introduces the area that the character/author is experiencing first hand. | Repetition | ‘’Snake! Mother, here’s a snake!’’ | Responder would feel the urgency and the traumatising experience that the character is going through. | Colloquial Language | ‘’Mummy! Tommy’s skinnin’ me alive wif his club’’ | Presents to the responder thatRead MoreA Fair Go, By Henry Lawson, And The Dispossessed1428 Words   |  6 Pagescauses of the deep inequalities that permeate Australian society. Good morning/afternoon council representatives and distinguished guests. My name is Chelsea Gwynne, and today I am going explain to you why it is crucial that the poems For’ard, by Henry Lawson, and The Dispossessed, by Oodgeroo Noonuccal must be included in next years Australia Day Council anthology. However displaced the notions of egalitarianism and its associated masculine ideal of mateship may be, these aspects of the AustralianRead MoreAn Analysis of The Drovers Wife by Henry Lawson739 Words   |  3 PagesThe Drovers Wife: Archetype of Strength in Australian Literature The Drovers wife by Henry Lawson tells the tale of a strong bush woman who must fight incredible odds to survive. The Drovers Wife written by William Bail shares the same title and also tells the tale of a strong, independent woman, only with quite different results than Lawsons character. This essay will explore both of these women and will support the thesis that both represent archetypes of the strong, independent ideal ofRead MoreHenry Lawson Essay + 1 Related Text1316 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques and complex word choice. These visuals are vivid and very clear; so it helps the responder visualise the text and therefore relate to the texts and also deepen their understanding of the short stories. Two short stories composed by ‘Henry Lawson’ that use techniques and word choice to portray distinctively visuals are ‘The Drover’s Wife’ and ‘In A Dry Season’, these two texts are strongly opposite to the visual ‘The English Count ryside’ by an unknown composer. Both ‘The Drover’s Wife’Read MoreDistinctively visual Henry Lawson speech Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters and place. Through the distinctively visual Henry Lawson and Tim Burton convey interesting views on environment and human interactions, and their affect on people and society in Lawsons â€Å"The Loaded Dog† and â€Å"The Drovers Wife† and Burtons â€Å"Alice in Wonderland. Good morning markers and peers. These texts develop our understanding of persistence, mental and physical strength and mateship through survival in an unforgiving environment. Lawsons â€Å"The Loaded Dog† conveys distinctively visual elementsRead MoreWeird Melancholy Of Henry Lawson s The Bush Undertaker And Peter Weir s Picnic At Hanging Rock1297 Words   |  6 PagesWeird Melancholy in Henry Lawson’s ‘The Bush Undertaker’ and Peter Weir’s Picnic at Hanging Rock In 1876, in his preface to Adam Lindsay Gordon’s Poems, novelist Marcus Clarke coined the phrase ‘Weird Melancholy’ in reference to what he perceived to be the ‘dominant note’ of his country’s landscape and his subject’s verse. In doing so, he distilled the entire mood of Australian Gothic into one eerie essence, an essence present, to varying extents, in all texts of that genre. This can be seen throughRead MoreLean Approach And Conventional Approach Of Operations And Supply Chain Management2810 Words   |  12 Pagesapproach. 2. CONVENTIONAL METHOD Traditionally, operations and supply chain management has focused primarily on a push based strategy. Companies typically produce products or services and then release these products or services into the supply chain. Henry Ford and Frederick Taylor are very typical and important persons for the development of the traditional approach of the supply chain management. 2.1 Taylor and Scientific Management Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) is known as a lead developerRead MoreDrovers Wife + in a Dry Season1134 Words   |  5 PagesDrovers Wife’ + ‘In A Dry Season’ Authors such as Henry Lawson use language and other techniques to paint distinctively visual images to shape the meanings of their texts. Using these ideas Lawson creates images based on the struggles of life in the Australian bush. The two short stories ‘In a dry Season’ and ‘The Drover’s Wife’ represent the idea of how hard life in this inhospitable environment can be. Having lived in both the city and the bush Lawson is able to strongly distinguish between the twoRead MoreThe Drover Wife And The Chosen Vessel By Barbara Baynton1599 Words   |  7 Pages This is due to the colonization of Australian during the eighteen and nineteen century, where men are seen inferior to women. They also are domesticated within the house duties that the society has influence because of their gender. Although, Henry Lawson â€Å"the drover wife† and The Chosen Vessel† by Barbara Baynton challenges the Australian society through Australian literature by placing women in harsh environments. The drover wife is short stories about women who face the new obsolesce while living

Native American And English Colonists - 1056 Words

Formal Paper English colonists first came to America late 1500s with the lost colony of Roanoke. English settlers then tried again for a permanent settlement in the early 1600s with Jamestown. Following Jamestown the English were consistently sending new colonists from England to America. The first English settlers had faced quite the hardships. None of the colonists were prepared or equipped with the knowledge to survive in their new environment. This is where Native American and English colonists interactions began. Prior to English settlers, the Native Americans had also had interactions with the Spanish. At first people believed that English colonists would treat the Natives better than the Spanish colonists. But as history has shown,†¦show more content†¦Despite the hospitality of the Powhatans, whatever they did not give the colonists, the colonists just stole it. The Powhatans stopped offering their lending hand. The atrocities the English committed against the Powhatans were comparable of those of the Spanish. One instance in 1610, a Powhatan chief was convicted for being rude. An English officer and his men invaded the Native American town, â€Å"seized some of the natives, ‘putt some fiftene or sixtene to the Sworde’ and cut off their heads. Then he ordered his men to burn homes and crops. When the expedition returned to its boats, his men complained that Percy had spared an Indian ‘quene and her Children.’ Percy relented, and threw the children overboard ‘shoteinge owtt their Braynes in the water.’ His men insisted that he burn the queen alive, but Percy less cruel, stabbed her to death.† The English saw themselves superior and considered the Native Americans as savages. A major reason the relationship between the Native Americans and colonists deteriorated was because the total misunderstanding they had of one another. The Europeans did not understand the social structure of Native American tribes. For instance, the settlers believed that the chief had the same power as the king of England. This caused confusion for the English because they believed the chiefs shouldShow MoreRelatedChanges Caused By Native Americans And English Colonists On The Environment1584 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions of Native Americans and Europeans with the environment. Changes caused by people such as Native Americans and English colonists affects the environment and results in a change in the environment where, now the people have to adapt to change in the environment. The first Europeans who saw the coast of pre-colonial New England thought of it as untapped virgin lands that had infinite resources. Cronon talks about how Henry Thoreau described the woods where Native Americans lived as â€Å"moreRead MoreThe Colonization Of Europeans Into The North America1555 Words   |  7 Pagesthe North America had considerable impacts on the Native American lives. European empire at the time, such as the French, England and Spanish empires, often fought against each other for power and control. After the European tried to colonized, the Native American suddenly found themselves dealing with European power politics. The arrival of Europeans into the New World meant new political relationships for both the European and the Native Americans. Each side had thing to gain and loss in this kindRead MoreThe Longstanding Institution of Slavery in the United States Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesNevertheless, with the discovery of the New World, the English experie nced a shortage of laborers to work the lands they claimed. The English tried to enslave the natives, but they resisted and were usually successful in escaping. Furthermore, with the decline of indentured servants, the Europeans looked elsewhere for laborers. It is then, within the British colonies, do the colonists turn to the enslavement of Africans. Although Native Americans were readily available and were initially numerous, AfricansRead MoreEarly Encounters Between the American Indians and European Colonists1355 Words   |  6 PagesThe Native American s encounters with European colonists led to different interactions between the two, as well as a development of varied relationships. America had been home to Native Americans since around 13,000 B.C. The Europeans arrived in America around 1492 to find that the land was already inhabited. Before the Europeans arrived, the Native Americans had lived in harmony with nature and with each other in communities, having strong family ties. When the Europeans arrived, they held differentRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Native Americans1516 Words   |  7 PagesCristina Savaglio Prof. Di Lorenzo History 203 24 November 2014 The Genocide of the Native Americans Early European colonization of the Americas was initially marked by both exchange and conflict. When the English colonists arrived in the Americas most Indian tribes welcomed them. Many Indians believed the settling colonists would assist in protecting their tribe from other powerful tribes in the area, because the colonists had access to weapons. In exchange for this added protection, the Indians generouslyRead MoreQueen Elizabeth I Of England967 Words   |  4 Pagesgranted English aristocrat Sir Walter Ralegh the rights to introduce a settlement to spread the influence of the Queen and the Christian faith. In 1585, the first English settlers populated the new colony of Roanoke. By establishing Roanoke, the English hoped to launch trade with the Native Americans and mount piracy attacks on the ships of the enemy Spanish fleet. Queen Elizabeth sponsored â€Å"privateering† by motivating English sailors to raid and pillage Spanish ships, and having an English colonyRead More Amerindian Arguments and Actions Essay771 Words   |  4 Pages The Native American chronicle is one of treachery and death. These Indians lived lives of concord and prosperity for centuries. However, their reign terminated with the arrival of European settlers in the 15th century. The arising onslaught of foreign colonists is considered by some to be the initiation of the â€Å"American Holocaust† (Native American Genocide). The immigrants did not share customs or spiritual views with the Native people, so they attempted to annihilate the Native American populaceRead MoreEssay about Native American In Colonial America1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent parts of the ocean in search of a faster water route to Asia. Along the way, Europeans explorers discovered a whole new continent, America. Thinking that he was in India, Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, called the indigenous Native Americans he met â€Å"Indians,† a misnomer that is still used frequently even up to this day. Europeans soon shifted their attention away from the water route to Asia but toward the colonization of the New World. With a desire to have a new life differentRead MoreEnglish Relationship Between English Indians And Native Americans1092 Words   |  5 PagesRelationships between English settlers and Native American tribes were central to both the successes and the failures of the early English colonies in America. Although conflict often characterized relationships between the so-called â€Å"Indians† and the English, many of the initial colonies owed their survival and successes to the natives. The Native Americans were valuable trading partners, occasional allies, and aid in sickness and famine. However, various conflicts between tribes and settlersRead MoreCompare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth Colony1269 Words   |  6 PagesMassachusetts (â€Å"Plymouth Colony†n.d.) Plymouth was founded in 1620 (â€Å"Plymouth Colony† n.d.) The Jamestown colonists came from England ( â€Å"Stebbins, 2011â⠂¬ ). King Jame I gave Virginia its name (â€Å"Stebbins, 2011†). The Plymouth colonists came from England (â€Å"Plymouth Colony† n.d.) The Jamestown colony was allowed to use the river (â€Å"Colonizing the Chesapeake and New England Colonies† n.d.) The goal of the colonists of Jamestown was to find a settlement ( â€Å"Stebbins, 2011†). The goal of the Plymouth colony was to

Achilles, Agamemnon and Hektor, Three Great Heroes with...

Achilles, Agamemnon and Hektor, three great heroes with different characteristics. In the center of ancient Greek history are the big heroes, Gods and Goddesses but one of the heroes described with mastery is Achilles the Greek hero who is not described with disdain like other Greek heroes but with more love. The wrath of Achilles and the death of Hector, the biggest hero amongst Trojans, are described with rare mastery and love for Achilles despite the fact that he commits a cruel deed by killing Hector, the beloved Trojan hero and rapes his dead body. Although Agamenon, Achilles, and Hector were great heroes, they were quite different in their personalities, characteristics and values. Homer’s Iliad is an epic creation which†¦show more content†¦( Line 16, 177). This deed confirms his inhumanity and fierce brutality towards the ones who hurt him. Agamemnon is the King of the Greek army and brother of the King of Sparta, Menelaus. His character resembles that of Achilles because he is hungry for pride and glory and is as angry or even angrier man than Achilles. In contrast to Achilles, Agamemnon is prone to arrogance. He decides to take Briseis away from Achilles. This forces Achilles to withdraw from the battle which in turn significantly weakens the Greek army. Achilles wanted the Greek army to be slaughtered and angrily withdraws from the battle. Agamemnon learns the importance of Achilles on the battlefield while his men were being slaughtered and yet refuses to give Briseis back to Achilles. Unlike Achilles, Agamemnon is not much of a warrior. He always stands in safety and not on the battlefield. He wants his men to do the work for him but he always claims the biggest prizes. Agamemnon is able to appreciate people, unlike Achilles. He uses his skills to manipulate people the way he pleases just to get what he wants. Agamemnon uses his manipulating skills to find a way to get Achilles back in the battlefield. He calls for Patroclus to join the fight and lets him fight Hector knowingShow MoreRelatedAchilles and Odyssey Compare and Contrast Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesLarger-Than-Life Heroes: Achilles and Odysseus What are the main characteristics of a larger-than-life epic hero? An epic hero is a brave and powerful warrior who is motivated to fight both internal and external conflicts to achieve glory and ranks above a normal man. In Homer’s epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, Achilles and Odysseus are the well-known heroes. Achilles fights Hektor outside the walls of Troy because Hektor killed his best friend, Patroclus. After fighting in the Trojan

Management Of International Marketing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about theManagement Of International Marketing. Answer: Introduction: In this study the discussion will take place on the Unilever Company and the other tools that will be discusses are evaluation of the company , its market research, applications, market influence, strategic value, international and national policies of the company that are used for the marketing of the business organization(Cateora, 2008). The company is a global firm so the marketing is also takes place on a global context. It will cover the planning and implementation of the planning. The main purpose of this study is to learn that the international marketing plays vial role in the company and its promotion. It not only influences the business but also the marketing strategies of the company. It is playing a vital role as it provides a platform to the company s that they can make an international operations and functions (Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy, 2012). In order to release the products in the new market, the company like Unilever has to make many efforts. The efforts and the strategies can be taken after analysing the internal and the external environment of the country in which the company wants to expand its business. It is also required to analyse the environment of the company itself. Both the analysis can help the firm to take better decision in terms of international marketing (Malhotra, 2008). WHY: Product standardisation: Product standardisation is important for the company like Unilever because it is difficult to adapt the culture and the needs of the people in the international market. This is because every country has different choices and culture thus standardisation in the products helps the company to take similar initiatives in order to release the products everywhere (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2013) Benefits of standardisation: Similar strategies to be followed: standardisation is the technique in which the strategies that needs to be practices or followed by the company remains similar at every place irrespective of the difference in the culture and the destination (Hollensen, 2015). Economies of scale: similar strategies and products over the globe results in similar production at large amount (Peter and Donnelly, 2011). Less cost: economies of scale results in less per unit cost for the company (Cateora, 2008). Similar marketing techniques: the company need not to make many efforts in thinking and implementing about the different marketing strategies or different market (Santos and Laczniak 2005). Internal environment analysis of the company: Internal analysis of the company can be done by SWOT analysis. The strength and weakness part of SWOT analysis helps in determining the internal strength and weakness of the company. SWOT analysis: Figure: 01 SWOT analysis (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker And Brennan, 2015) Strength: Strong brand image: The Company has a very strong image. The positive image of the company helps the firm to penetrate in the new market easily (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2013). Range of product mix: Unilever is the company that serves the customers with wide range of products such as the grocery items, household items, beauty products range etc (Santos and Laczniak 2005). The company targets all the customer segments with its products This wide range of product serving by the company helps the company to achieve higher customer base and ultimately the market share (Papadopoulos and Heslop, 2014). Weakness: Imitable products: The products that the company deals with are very much imitable. Dependence on retailers: Unilever is the company that supports the other companies to sell their products (Tse, Lee, Vertinsky and Wehrung, 1988). Competition: the company faces a lot of competition from the other companies like PG, Nestle etc. Opportunities: As the company is expanding to the new market, it has the opportunity to expand its products range at the same time according to the choices and the requirements of the market. Variations in the food products can be brought up by the company to serve the new market. (Zeritin et al. 2014) Threats: The biggest threat for the company is the saturated industry and the competition prevailing in the market. Major competitors for the company are PG, Avon etc. (Europa.eu 2017) Marketing mix: 4ps Figure: 02 Marketing mix(Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy, 2012) External environment analysis: PESTLE analysis: USA Figure: 3 PESTEL Analysis(Armstrong, Kotler, Harkerand Brennan, 2015) Political environment: As far as the political environment of the company is concerned, it has been analysed that USA is the country with stable political environment. The company like Unilever has to be under the regulatory of the Food and Drug Administration (Mattila, 2000). If the company has to conduct the business in USA, it has to comply with all the rules and regulation given by the administration. After the election in 2016, Trump has made changes in the international trade policies of the country. Trump has focuses on changing the way the country is doing business with the international market in order to enhance the economy and thus these changes affect the normal functioning of the company in USA. Economic factors: Economy of the country is very stable in terms of earing and the purchasing power of the country. As far as the FMCG industry is considered, the industry is also growing at very fast pace and at the same time experiencing tough competition. USA is considered feasible in terms of economy to invest by Unilever but competitors strategy is must to analyse (Uniliver.com, 2016) Social factors: Social factors of the country involve the demography and the choice and demands of the people(Hill and Westbrook, 1997). Now a day people believe in buying the products with low price and high quality. Unilever has to make the pricing strategy in such a way so that more and more people can afford to buy the products. Technological Technological factors: as far as the technological factors are considered, it has been analysed that in USAs market, it is necessary to be automated(Tubadji, Osoba and Nijkamp, 2015). The more automated company attracts the customers as the people in USA are very much techno friendly. Environmental factors: Sustainability is the key to success for the organizations these days. The policies of the USA government regarding the use of sustainable resources and the process are very tight and needs to be followed by the companies especially in FMCG sector (Belch and Belch, 2004). Unilever is the firm that has to deal with such policies and have to be sustainable in their process it will harm the environment at its minimal. Legal factors: The major legal factors that has affected the US and UK business is BREXIT. Trump has talked with UK regarding the free trade between the US and UK just after BREXIT. This free trade will definitely help the companies like Unilever to set up its business and expand its business in USA with new products development. (Unilever.com, 2017) Strategies to enter the global market: There are five types of products and communication strategies that acne be used by Unilever in order to expand its business. Products and communication extension: This is the strategy in which the company can use the standard communication techniques to make the people aware about the products globally (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker And Brennan, 2015) Product extension and communication adaptation: It is the strategy that results is customization of the communication method used for international country which is very different from the home country communication method. The same products are marketed with different communication strategies in different areas (Hill, 2008). Product adaptation and communication extension: It is the case where the company needs to market different products with the standard communication strategy irrespective of the place (Broderick And Pickton, 2001). Product and communication adaptation: If the international country has different physical and cultural environment then the organization has to choose the strategy of dual adaptation. In this case, the countrys product and the countrys communication strategies are used for communicating about the product. (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Product invention: It is the most innovative strategy that is used by the company in order to invent the products that can fulfil the common needs of the customers at global level. (Hill, 2008). In case of Unilever is USA, the company should select the strategy of dual adaptation strategy because the culture and the physical environment if USA and UK is very different in nature (Hollensen, 2015). Context of international market: Language: Language is the factors that affect the business in the international market. As far as Unilever is considered, it has been analysed that the company operates with the strategy of localization everywhere(Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). The company is basically based at UK but it hasto expand its business overseas and it cant be done with a single language communication everywhere. Unilever hasto make the changes in its communication from UK English to US English as there are many differences in the same (Broderick and Pickton, 2001). As both the places have English as the vernacular language so it is not that much difficult for the company to deal with the US market. Legal factor: As discussed earlier there are many legal factors that affect the company to expand the business in international market. The free trade practices that have been discussed between UK and US after BREXIT may help the company to easily conduct the trade practices (Gur?u, 2008). Media: Media refers to the mediums that are being used to communicate with the international market. As far as the country like USA is concerned, the country is very much technologically active so advertisingand promotion of the products can be done with the help of digital marketing methods and social media marketing of the company (Mulhern, 2009). Culture: Culture is the most important factor that affects the consumer behaviour of the place. Americans are very much optimistic in nature andthus it is easy to convince them to buy a particular thing by portraying the products with positive attitude and nature. The customers at America are very much dynamic and their love for convince food is eternal. They love to eat food products that can eliminate their hunger in minutes and that can be easily available. Thus the companies like Unilever can easily expand its business to USA with introducing the packaged food materials first. (Hill, 2008). Production cost: As far as US is concerned, it has been analysed that the country is the 3rd largest in the world with high population thus it act as the great market for the companies to expand their business. It has been analysed these days that USA is becoming the place to manufacture as it is providing the facilities at lower cost that is as low as china. There are several benefits that can be enjoyed by the company if it produces at USA (Gur?u, 2008). The first benefit is that it has a very fast market. The produce can be easily reached to the customers hands with faster research and development and distribution network. The next benefit is the high efficiency of the labour. It has been analysed that the labour is very much efficient at America and thus it can be easy and even cost effective to have high quality and less quantity labour (Luo and Tung, 2007). In terms of currency, US are considered as the country with stable economy and thus there is no fluctuation in the currency. This also male s the production process easier for the companies. If Unilever star their products ta USA only, it become easy for them to distribute in the local market rather than importing the products and thus the cost of overall production and distribution can be reduced (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2013). Stages of international marketing: This is the process that needs to be followed or the stages that needs to be faced by the company if it wants to expand its business overseas. No direct marketing: It is the stage where the Unilever does not involve itself in the foreign market but tries to sell the products indirectly to the foreign market(Malhotra, 2008). There can be many ways such as selling the products to the foreigner etc. Infrequent foreign marketing: This is the stage where the company market or sell the products in the foreign market which are surplus. This can be done to see the response of the foreign market. After BREXIT, the free trade between US and UK will make it easy for Unilever to conduct such marketing (Broderick And Pickton, 2001). Regular foreign marketing: It is the stage that is about the regular marketing at international level. In this stage, the company takes serious steps to market its products to the international market with the objective of expansion (Anderson, Narus and Narayandas, 2009). Unilever has to deals with some of the middle men in US in order to take suchserious steps so that its products can be reached to that country. International marketing: it is the most crucial phase as at this time, the company concentrates in the international market and develop its production unit in the new market. Unilever is the firm that general operates at this stage in international market (Peter and Donnelly, 2011). Global marketing: This is the final stage that is achieved when the company is filly established in the foreign market. At this stage, the company does not restrict its strategies because of national borders but treat the whole market as one global market and make the strategies solely on that basis (Hollensen, 2015). Campaign execution: Campaigning is the technique that can be used to market the products in the new market. Unilever has to execute the campaign in the new market of USA so that people can be aware presence of the company and the products in the market. The company has to take decisions over the agencies with which the company has to deal with. There can be three types of agencies: (Gur?u, 2008). Local market agencies: These are the market agencies at the host country such as the agencies in local market of USA in this case. Unilever should choose Epsilon as its marketing agency at local level. This is because it is one of the best agencies in the USA marketing industry. In terms of revenues and in terms of business growth, the company is moving at a very fast pace (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Integrated Marketing Communication: Steps of international integrated marketing communication: Market research: This is the first step that needs to be followed by the company in order to research about the market conditions of USA. The above discussion about the country suggests that the country is very feasible to expand the business for Unilever (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Goals: The marketing gaols for the company at this point are that, it has to make the people of USA aware about the new product development of the company and has to develop the brand image of the firm as well (Hill, 2008). Effective message: The market segment that has been selected for the new food products range is mostly the working people of the country. The message that can be given to them through the marketing camping is eat tasty and be healthy (Gur?u, 2008). Selected media: The medium that have been selected to market the products are advertising and personal selling (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Budget: Activity Amount Marketing agency fees $1 million Brochures and pamphlets $1 million Hiring cost $10,000 Media cost $3 million Other expenses $50000 Total cost $3060000Approximate Execution: Execution of the marketing plan can be done with the help of the marketing agency that has been discussed earlier (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Evaluation: The evaluation can be done by matching the gaols with the actual results or the outcomes of the marketing campaignthat can be calculated by the customers response and feedback as well as by the sale volume of the products. (Hollensen, 2015). IMC tools: Figure: 4 IMC Tools (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker And Brennan, 2015) Advertising: Advertising can be done with the help of various medium such as television or radio. Social media is also used as the medium for advertising (Terpstra, Foley And Sarathy, 2012). Direct marketing: It is the tool that helps n directly contact the customers by the executives of the company to make them aware sabot the product or the new launch (Peng, Wang and Jiang, 2008). Internet marketing: this is the best tool that can be used in the USA market. This is because the customers in USA are very much techno friendly (Broderick And Pickton, 2001). Sales promotion: Sales promotion can be done by using the techniques such as supplying the samples to the stores or distributing the samples to the customers on the road show (Gur?u, 2008). Public relations: This is the most important tool of IMC. This tool can be used by calling or inviting the new channels or other media partners to telecast the launch of the products and the company in USA (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Personal selling: Personal selling is the very effective option to sell the products directly to the customers so that immediate feedback can be received (Broderick And Pickton, 2001). Why Sales Force: Benefits of sales force: Sales force is considered as the important part of communication mix in USA. This is because there are many benefits that are associated with sales force of the company. The efficient sales force helps in making strong bond in the international market and thus results in strong alliances. Sales force of the company also helps in making direct contact with the customers. This is very beneficial in taking the immediate feedback of the customers on the products experience. There are many other benefits of incorporating the sales force ta the international market such as effective communication, response, clear information etc (Terpstra, Foley And Sarathy, 2012). Challenges: Difficult to deal with the people in international market Hiring local sales force is difficult for the company Designing the sales force: Unilever Select the activities that needs to be conducted under the sales programme(experience) Select the skill sets required to complete the tasks. Math the skills sets from the activities that needs to be conducted Training of the sales force regarding the same skill sets.( well trained peoples ) (Cateora, 2008) Recruiting marketing and sales personnel: Recruitment is the process in which the candidates have been selected according to the match of the skills possessed by the candidates and the required skills for the job. (Hollensen, 2015). Advertising for the job vacancy (Advertising on Web sites and the Newspaper) Short listing the applications (around 20 applications are collecting ) Interviews (Around 15 peoples) Selection (Two ware selected ) Releasing offer letters ( Letter will be realising after one week of the selection) Motivation of sales personnel: Some of the techniques that can be sued to motivate the employees are: Incentives (based on display and merchandising, Productivity (volume and values ) Bonuses ( Based on performance) Employee engagement programs ( Twice a year ) Evaluating and controlling sales representative: Evaluation of the sales representative can only be done by matching the set targets and the achieved targets by the representative (Broderick And Pickton, 2001). RBV model: Resource based view is the model that is used to analyse the resource capabilities of the company. VRIO and VRIN are the subsets of this model that are analysed in order to identify the competitive advantage and resource capabilities. Figure: 5 RBV Model (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker And Brennan, 2015) VRIN of Unilever: Value: In terms of value, the company and its products are very valuable as the company serves the market with all the essential products (Terpstra, Foley And Sarathy, 2012). Rare: the company cannot said to be rare as there are many competitors in the market. (Gur?u, 2008). Inimitable: the products of the company can be imitated easily (Hollensen, 2015). Non-substitutable: substitutes are also available in the market for the company products. Understand: It is very much important to understand the culture and the attitude of the people in USA in order to sell the products to them. The USA customers are very much intelligent in buying things and the sales force has to be prepared with the knowledge of the products and the bard before interacting with them(Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy, 2012). Noise: It is the important part of the communication or the marketing process. This means making the products and the brand popular among the customers before entering the market (Hollensen, 2015). Competition: Competition is the major issue that exists for the companies like Unilever. Thus, it is mandatory for the company to deal with this competition and to innovates its processes in order to be different in the market (Terpstra, Foley And Sarathy, 2012). Conclusion: It has been concluded from the research that USA is found to be the country which is very much feasible to expand the business of Unilever. PESTLE analysis of the country suggests that the factors like political, economic, social etc. Affect the expansion of the business in the new country and USA provides the great environment for the company like Unilever to set up the new business. The strength and the weakness of the company is also analysed to develop the international marketing strategies. Part 2 of the report suggests about the contextual factors that affect the strategies that needs to be implemented in order to launch the company and the new products in USA. References: Anderson, J.C., Narus, J.A. and Narayandas, D., 2009.Business market management: Understanding, creating, and delivering value. Pearson Prentice Hall. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. And Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Belch, G.E. and Belch, M.A., 2004.Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective,(6 Th. New York: NY: mcgraw-Hill. Broderick, A.AndPickton, D., 2001.Integrated marketing communications. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Cateora, P.R., 2008.International Marketing 13E (Sie).Tatamcgraw-Hill Education. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing.Cengage Learning. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing.Cengage Learning. Gur?u, C., 2008. Integrated online marketing communication: implementation and management.Journal of communication management,12(2), pp.169-184. Hill, C., 2008. International business: Competing in the global market place.Strategic Direction,24(9). Hill, T. And Westbrook, R., 1997. SWOT analysis: it's time for a product recall.Long range planning,30(1), pp.46-52. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jaggi, B. And Low, P.Y., 2000.Impact of culture, market forces, and legal system on financial disclosures.The International Journal of Accounting,35(4), pp.495-519. Luo, Y. And Tung, R.L., 2007. International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective.Journal of international business studies,38(4), pp.481-498. Malhotra, N.K., 2008.Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Mattila, A.S., 2000. The impact of culture and gender on customer evaluations of service encounters.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,24(2), pp.263-273. Mccort, D.J. and Malhotra, N.K., 1993. Culture and consumer behavior: toward an understanding of cross-cultural consumer behavior in international marketing.Journal of International Consumer Marketing,6(2), pp.91-127. Mulhern, F., 2009. Integrated marketing communications: From media channels to digital connectivity.Journal of marketing communications,15(2-3), pp.85-101. Papadopoulos, N.AndHeslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Peng, M.W., Wang, D.Y. and Jiang, Y., 2008. An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies.Journal of international business studies,39(5), pp.920-936. Peter, J.P. and Donnelly, J.H., 2011.Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Terpstra, V., Foley, J.AndSarathy, R., 2012.International marketing.Naper Press. Tse, D.K., Lee, K.H., Vertinsky, I.AndWehrung, D.A., 1988. Does culture matter? A cross-cultural study of executives' choice, decisiveness, and risk adjustment in international marketing.The Journal of Marketing, pp.81-95. Tubadji, A., Osoba, B.J. and Nijkamp, P., 2015. Culture-based development in the USA: culture as a factor for economic welfare and social well-being at a county level.Journal of cultural economics,39(3), pp.277-303. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management.Routledge.

Us Recession free essay sample

Since the start of the recession, the United States has tried to regain stability in its economy, and implement fiscal and monetary polices to prevent future crisis. One of the indictors of a recession is the unemployment rate. The most recent recession was preceded by a time of steady economic growth, which was accompanied by employment growth. Prerecession unemployment rate hovered around 4-5%, which is historically and relatively low. Job growth was concentrated in three areas: education, health-care and housing related job. While education and health-care have been on a steady incline for years, the then booming housing market created most of the jobs in the housing industries. In December 2007, at the start of the recession the unemployment remained around 5 percent. By the end of the recession in 2009, that number had climbed to 9. 5% and some states 10%. In September 2008, the economic downturn intensified when the economy was jolted by trouble in the nations finical system. We will write a custom essay sample on Us Recession or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the aftermath of the turmoil, credit market constricted and banks tightened lending standers. The recession rapidly deepened and job losses spiked. The monthly job loses averaged 712,00 from October 2008 through March 2008. Historically, good producing industries experienced the largest decline in employment during a recession. The most recent recession followed suit, as manufacturing and constriction where of the hardest hit industries. The recession led not only to employment losses, but also cuts in workers hours. Despite the improvements in 2010, employment remains 7. 7 million jobs below prerecession mark. In the U. S. GDP fell in the fourth quarter of 2008, by 6. % annual rate, with declines heaviest in business investment, exports, finance, autos, housing, construction, and retail sales. American business slashed capital investment at an annual rate of -38%. Investment in software and computer equipment declined by 33. 8%, and investment in new buildings was down 44. 2%. Total investment expenditure is in free fall as of the first quarter of 2009, dropping by roughly 5 0%. While consumer spending doesn’t usually precipitate a recession, since it represents seventy percent of total spending, and spending drives the economy in the short term, consumption plays a key role in the duration of recessions. Total Personal Consumption Expenditures began falling in the third quarter of 2008 with a -3. 8% change which worsened to a -4. 3% change in the fourth quarter. Looking at the components of consumption reveals that the majority of the decline occurred in durable goods which turned negative in the first quarter of 2008 and snowballed to -22. 1% in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decline in durable goods likely coincides with the slide in spending on houses. When people stop buying new homes, they also spend less on appliances, home furnishings, etc. Non-durable Consumption has also declined beginning in the third quarter of 2008 with a -7. % change and continuing into the fourth quarter at -9. 4%. Non-durable consumption is largely a function of income. As GDP declined beginning in the third quarter of 2008, personal disposable income fell sharply, bringing down non durable consumption for the next several quarters. The final component of consumption, Services, while dipping slightly negative in the third quarter of 2008 at -0. 1% turned positive again in the fourth quarter of 2008 resting at 1. 5%. Even a small negative decline in services is a matter of concern as this area of consumption is generally the most resilient to economic downturns. One hopeful sign of recovery is that in the first quarter 2009, total consumer spending increased, driven in large part by 9. 6% growth in consumer durable spending. Despite the severe decline in the housing market, the US economy was kept afloat for nearly three years by growth in exports. During the period from the fourth quarter of 2005 to the second quarter of 2008, export growth averaged nearly 10% at an annualized rate. It was this growth that gave hope during late 2007 and early 2008 that the economy might yet dodge a recession. However as the recession became a global phenomenon, the world demand for American exports waned. In the third quarter of 2008, export growth slowed before dropping 23. 6% in the fourth quarter. This drop accelerated in the first quarter of 2008, with another 28. 7% decrease. US government spending has not played a large role in the current recession to date. State amp; local spending has declined as expected, likely a by-product of weakening tax revenues, especially in states that must keep a balanced budget. The net effect has been modest with total government spending growth averaging 2. 7%. A substantial decline in federal defense spending in the first quarter of 2009 caused a noticeable 3. 5% decline in total government spending.